Abstract: As one of the criteria to test the mental health of adolescents, researchers in psychology and pedagogy pay more and more attention to the research related to self-esteem level. Most of the previous research paradigms on adolescent self-esteem used cross-sectional studies, without further investigating the characteristics of changes in self-esteem levels over time. The adolescent self-esteem is affected by many factors in the process of development, and the influence of these factors on the development of self-esteem remains to be further explored. To explore the developmental trajectory and cluster effects of adolescent self-esteem. Using data from the China family panel studies (CFPS), 471 adolescents were screened for their self-esteem levels and other related data. The growth mixture model (GMM) was used to track and analyze the self-esteem level data for adolescents in three different bands. Results showed: (1) The fitting results of the three band data were good, with two subgroups with inconsistent development trends, namely the gentle growth group (N=390, 82.8%) and the significant growth group (N=81, 17.2%); (2) According to the results of logistic regression analysis, learning pressure, peer relationships, subjective well-being, and family social capital have a significant predictive effect on the self-esteem development trajectory of adolescent groups; (3) There are gender and urban-rural cluster effect in the developmental trajectory of adolescent self-esteem. The developmental trajectory of adolescent self-esteem is influenced by multiple factors and there are differences in cluster effects.