Abstract: The journey of Chinese-style modernization of education and common prosperity comes down in one continuous line. Chinese-style modernization of education embodies the principle and goal of people-centered development, which means human development, harmonious relationships between people, and enabling people to live a prosperous and happy life. Chinese-style modernization of education empowering common prosperity is mainly reflected in the fact that Chinese-style modernization of education promotes common prosperity of material life and creates common prosperity of spiritual life. In the current process of Chinese-style modernization of education, the practical difficulties such as uneven education structure, discrete education system and disorderly education ecology restrict the realization of common prosperity. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a fair and just education structure, build a diversified and holistic education system, and build a healthy education ecology, so as to promote the coupling and unity of common prosperity of material life and spiritual life.