Abstract: The emergence of new quality productive forces is an inevitable requirement of Marx's theory and the result of China's social and economic development. It has both theoretical and practical attributes, representing the latest manifestation of Marxist productivity theory in the digital society stage and in China. The different development levels of productive forces are compatible with the course of agricultural modernization in our country. The value purport, ecological mechanism, industrial system, and scientific and technological innovation of new quality productivity all align with the fundamental values and goals of Chinese agricultural modernization, with the sustainable development concept of man and nature in harmony, the high-quality development characteristic of structural optimization and high-quality supply, and the ultimate development objective of a large country with strong agriculture and a strong and rich people. To accelerate the formation and development of new agricultural productivity, it is necessary to create a collaborative and shared new agricultural industry integration value chain, construct a mutually beneficial new rural economic organizational model, and establish an up-to-date comprehensive development mechanism for new farmers.