回到音声本身——论嵇康对尚声传统的批判

Return to the Sound of Music Itself——On JI Kang's Critique of the Tradition of Sound Worship

  • 摘要: 面对早期中国的尚声传统,嵇康深入音声内部重构了对音声的理解。在《声无哀乐论》等文本中,通过讨论音声之何所无与何所有,嵇康展示了回到音声本身的思想倾向。嵇康指出,音声之中有舒疾、躁静与是否和谐意义上的善恶,而不存在哀乐、功德、风俗、心志、形貌、吉凶、盛衰等内容,听者不能由音声而通达发声者。进而,嵇康批判了尚声传统下音声出于人心而表象人心的观念,并认为音声源于天地而感发人心,倾听者在音声所敞开的空间中呈现真实的自我。在此基础上,嵇康提出了作为理想音声的“至和之声”。“至和之声”出乎自然,能够发滞导情,涤荡世俗社会种种建制化束缚,进而引领出本真性的生存。从哲学史的角度看,嵇康回归音声本身的努力是魏晋哲人批判尚声传统的重要组成部分。经过嵇康细致入微的辨名析理工作,一种新的音声经验以及基于此的新的生命形态逐渐成为可能。

     

    Abstract: Faced with the early Chinese tradition of sound worship, JI Kang delves into the interior of the sound of music to reconstruct its understanding. In works like Sound, no Sorrow or Joy, JI Kang expresses his ideological orientation by exploring what is and what is not present in the sound of music itself. He argues that while music contains qualities such as calmness and urgency, agitation and stillness, good and evil, it does not inherently carry emotions like sorrow or joy, nor concepts such as merit, morality, intention, physical appearance, auspiciousness or inauspiciousness or prosperity and decline. According to JI Kang, a listener cannot understand or access the person producing the sound through the sound they hear. Furthermore, JI Kang critiques the concept within the tradition of sound worship that sound originates from the human mind and represents the mind. He argues that sound arises from heaven and earth and evokes the mind, allowing the listener to present their true self in the space opened up by the sound. On this basis, JI Kang introduces the concept of the "supremely harmonious sound" as the ideal form of sound. This sound, coming from nature, can release emotional tension, dissolve the institutionalized constraints of secular society, and ultimately lead to authentic existence. From the perspective of the history of philosophy, JI Kang's effort to return to the essence of sound is a significant part of the Wei(魏) and Jin(晋) philosophers' critique of the tradition of sound worship. Through JI Kang's meticulous analysis and reasoning, a new experience of sound and a new life based on it gradually became possible.

     

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