Abstract: The quantity of input elements and the efficiency of their utilization determine the rural economic growth and rural revitalization. However, at present in China, the aging and poor education background of rural labor force are obvious, the inefficient use of arable land and homestead is prominent, the lack of funds for rural development has not been fundamentally reversed, and the role of technology in agricultural growth needs to be further enhanced. Moreover, there are some obstacles to the optimal use of rural elements: the strategies of long-term industrial and urban priority and the land system arrangements have hindered rural economic growth and rural vitalization; the "completely divided but insufficiently unified" agricultural management, coupled with the fragmentation of arable land and the part-time operation of farmers, hamper the vitality of agricultural and rural development; and the monotonous rural industry, the lack of non-agricultural employment opportunities and the lack of needed system and mechanism affect the capacity of absorbing rural resources. In order to realize rural vitalization, agricultural development should be taken as the core goal of rural land allocation and utilization and follow the route of "first expanding scale, then organizing operations and finally industrializing agriculture", and talents, capital, technology and other elements should be drawn to the countryside with rural industrial parks and rural industrial development.