从欧阳修到苏轼:平山堂书写的多重变奏

From Ouyang Xiu to Su Shi: Multiple Variations of Ping Shan Tang Writing

  • 摘要: 知扬时期的欧阳修随着自身处境的改换,心态也发生了微妙的转变。在庆历士大夫“众乐”书写的潮流中,他于扬州城西北营建的平山堂却承载了与时迥异的闲情“独乐”记忆。嘉祐初,欧阳修送别因卷入温成皇后事件而无奈外任的刘敞知扬,作《朝中措》劝诫其及时行乐,显露出平山堂的“独乐”内蕴。面对欧阳修所赋予平山堂的人文内涵,梅尧臣、刘敞、王安石在唱和时基于个人的境遇和心态展现出了顺应、躲避与对抗的不同态度。元丰二年,在王安石新学隆盛之时,苏轼赴湖州任途中过平山堂,作《西江月》怀念欧阳修,隐晦表达了渴求儒学之道重新整肃风气、扭转局势的政治诉求。经由苏轼等人的书写,欧阳修的美政与士大夫精神成为平山堂的所指。

     

    Abstract: Ouyang Xiu's poems and articles during his time as governor of Yangzhou show a subtle change in his mentality at this time. In the trend of zhongle(众乐) written by the literati of Qingli(庆历), the Ping Shan Tang built by Ouyang Xiu bears the "dule" memory which is different from the trend. At the beginning of Jiayou, Ouyang Xiu wrote Chao zhong Cuo(朝中措) when he sent Liu Chang to Yangzhou, exhorting him to enjoy himself in time, revealing the "dule" connotation of Ping Shan Tang. In the face of the humanistic connotation given to Ping Shan Tang by Ouyang Xiu, Mei Yaochen, Liu Chang and Wang Anshi show different attitudes of adaptation, avoidance and confrontation when singing harmony. In the second year of Yuanfeng(元丰), when Wang Anshi's new learning was flourishing, Su Shi passed Ping Shan Tang on his way to Huzhou and wrote Xijiangyue(西江月) to remember Ouyang Xiu, which obfuscated his political demands for Confucianism to re-clean the atmosphere and reverse the situation. Through the writing of Su Shi and others, Ouyang Xiu's beautiful politics and spirit become the reference of Ping Shan Tang. The multiple variations of Ping Shan Tang's writing inspire us to regard the literary landscape as a two-level symbol system and re-examine the related concepts.

     

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