Abstract: The participation of people with disabilities in national fitness programs is not only an important avenue for promoting social fairness and justice but also a key component in implementing the "Healthy China" strategy. Through long-term institutional evolution and practical exploration, China has gradually established a legal framework that provides special protection for the participation of people with disabilities in national fitness programs. However, challenges remain in ensuring these protections, such as conflicts arising from regional development imbalances leading to "equalization" issues, the lack of substantive guarantees for public sports services, and the inadequacy of management systems. These issues not only hinder people with disabilities from equally enjoying the right to participate in national fitness programs but also affect the popularization and accessibility of these activities. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen institutional safeguards for the participation of people with disabilities in national fitness programs, promote the construction of "equalization" and "accessibility, " further improve the relevant administrative management systems, and enhance the institutionalization of fitness conditions to ensure that people with disabilities can equally participate in national fitness activities and fully enjoy their rightful sports rights.