女仙、女冠、女妓——李商隐道教化的女性书写

Female Immortals, Female Crowns, and Female Prostitutes——The Taoist-influenced Depictions of Females in LI Shangyin's Poetry

  • 摘要: 道教影响李商隐诗歌创作的一个重要方面,是其诗歌中的女性书写带有很明显的道教化色彩。从形象的谱系来看,可分为女仙、女冠以及缘饰以神仙内容的女妓三种类型。李商隐诗歌中的女仙书写主要取法齐梁游仙,其中人仙恋爱的模式源于以《真诰》为代表的上清派叙事,兼融骚韵,遂以浓郁的抒情性而著称。李商隐的女冠书写类型丰富,大抵可分为“寄居或出入权贵门庭”者、由贵主入道者以及与李商隐有感情羁绊者三类,艺术成就最高,善用密集的道教神仙典故进行叙事,由此造成其爱情诗晦涩朦胧的特点。李商隐女妓书写最出彩之处,实在善于故事敷写世俗艳情。

     

    Abstract: One significant aspect of Taoism's influence on Li Shangyin's poetry is the pronounced Taoist-tinged portrayal of women in his works. In terms of the genealogy of images, they can be divided into three types: female fairies, female crowns(female Taoist priest), and female prostitutes decorated with the contents of gods and fairies. The female immortals in Li Shangyin's poems are mainly the immortal-traveling poetry of the Qi and Liang dynasties, in which the model of human-immortal love originates from the Shang Qing school of narrative represented by the True Enjoin(Chen-Kao真诰), the immortal-traveling poetry of the Qi and Liang dynasties, which makes it famous for its strong lyricism. Li Shangyin's female crowns are rich in types of writing, which can be roughly divided into three categories: those who "live in or go out of the houses of the powerful and noble", those who enter the Taoist way from the noble masters, and those who are emotionally bound to Li Shangyin, and they have the highest artistic achievement, and they make good use of the dense Taoist allusions to the gods and fairies to carry out the narratives, which results in the obscurity of their love poems. The most outstanding thing about Li Shangyin's female prostitutes' writing is that he is good at writing secular erotic love with fairy stories.

     

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