Abstract: Industrial development is the core power of economic and social development, and rural revitalization needs to be driven by industrial prosperity. Since the reform and opening up, the central government has carried out a series of top-level design to promote the development of rural industry and has also made great achievements. However, there is still a significant gap between reality and the goal of industrial prosperity. The overall competitiveness of agriculture is weak, the extension and expansion of industrial chain is limited, the interest chain is imperfect, and the breadth and depth of agricultural and rural service industry development are insufficient. In order to achieve industrial prosperity, a series of key problems, such as activating the flow of production factors, improving the efficiency of collaborative utilization of resource factors, optimizing the industrial organization system, improving the degree of specialization, promoting the upgrading of rural industry, improving the sustainable development of industry, developing county economy, optimizing the layout of rural industry, and enhancing the industrial cohesion, need to be solved. These problems and the historical development experience call for adhering to the market orientation and breaking the institutional barriers to the flow of production factors on the road of promoting industrial prosperity and rural revitalization, creating a favorable market environment to stimulate the interaction and collaborative development of industrial organizations, and improving the infrastructure and public service supporting system and optimizing the agricultural and rural industrial ecosystems.