"Invisible Variation" of Extracurricular Tutoring: Policy Discourses and Governance Dilemmas

The extracurricular tutoring market in the context of the double reduction is undergoing a subterranean transformation, giving rise to new issues of governance of invisible and mutated training. The policy discourse has evolved from "disguised violation" to "invisible variation", highlighting the deepening understanding and strategic adjustment of the policy-making authorities on the governance of extracurricular tutoring. The strategic space in the policy process gives the grassroots departments the space for policy interpretation of textual ambiguity, the space for policy implementation of flexible adjustment, and the space for policy coordination of national individuals, and at the same time creates the policy interpretation bias of the connotation of "stealth variation", the policy implementation bias of the lack of basis for judgment, and the lack of policy agenda for the regulation of individual tutoring, as well as the implementation of the policy dilemma. In order to improve the governance of extracurricular tutoring, the idea of combining blocking and tackling training at the source should be established; the criteria for determining extracurricular tutoring should be built around the four main dimensions of training content, time period, venue and fees; the standardized regulation of individualized tutoring should be strengthened; and a digital service platform for the supervision should be improved.