Ethical Risks in Digital Education from a Global Perspective: Governance Strategies and Practical Challenges

As the global digital transformation of education continues to advance, ethical risks have become increasingly prominent. In response, international organizations and governments of various countries have adopted the following governance approaches to address ethical challenges in digital education: strengthening data control and technological autonomy to establish localized digital education systems; advancing both legislation and technological innovation to safeguard educational data privacy and security; fostering multi-stakeholder collaborative governance to build an ethical ecosystem for digital education; enhancing digital empowerment for teachers and students to achieve sustainable coexistence between technology and education; and strengthening global digital education governance by establishing international norms and deepening cooperation. While these measures have achieved some success, ethical governance in digital education still faces profound challenges, including fragmented data flow regulations, delayed governance responses, and deep-seated conflicts between technology, capital, and the essence of education.