Abstract: The capacity of education to serve national strategies has been significantly enhanced, and the overall realization of educational modernization represents a top-level institutional arrangement for comprehensively promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources. At present, with the accelerated advancement of the internationalization of higher education, the institutional opening-up of China's higher education to the outside world has entered a historical stage that must prioritize quality and connotation development. To break path dependence and introduce external variables, Chinese-foreign cooperation in running higher education is an important engine to promote the construction of a strong educational country. Having undergone four developmental stages including the initial exploration period, rising development period, policy improvement period and quality assurance period, it has maintained a sound momentum of stable and sustainable development on the whole. Nevertheless, multiple dilemmas remain prominent: the policy supply for Chinese-foreign cooperation in running higher education still has imperfections; the traditional mode of the cooperation struggles to withstand the intertwined risks of turbulent international situations; the specialty setting is overly concentrated and can hardly meet the heterogeneous development needs of the new era; superficial development and imbalanced layout of the cooperation remain rather prominent. Looking ahead, targeted improvements should be made in the following aspects: strengthening the precise and effective supply of policy resources for Chinese-foreign cooperation in running higher education to break institutional barriers and make up for the shortcomings in the operational transformation of systems; promoting the localized and indigenous development of the cooperation so as to enhance the resilience against "de-internationalization" trends; guiding the differentiated and hierarchical layout of majors in Chinese-foreign cooperation in running higher education to align with the requirements of building a leading country in education; constructing an internal circulation development pattern for Chinese-foreign cooperation in running higher education to foster a sound educational ecosystem. To build an education powerhouse, higher education acts as the leading pillar. To forge a sustainable and high-quality Chinese-foreign cooperative education community, it is imperative to make concerted efforts to realize the organic integration of the teaching chain, innovation chain and industrial chain.