生成式人工智能虚假广告的法律规制研究——以平台责任重构为核心

Regulatory Dilemmas and Solutions for False Advertising Generated by Generative AI: Focusing on the Restructuring of Platform Liability

  • 摘要: 生成式人工智能的应用重构了广告全链条逻辑,其催生的超真实、隐匿化虚假广告,冲击了传统规制“主体可识别、事实可查证、损害可控、事后可追责”的基础预设,引发了归责断裂、事实认定失灵、审查异化及救济阻滞等系统性困境。破解之道在于推动规制范式从个体行为规制向系统风险治理跃迁,核心抓手是重构以平台规模与风险等级为基准的责任分配机制,推动平台从被动中介向分级分类责任主体转型,确立风险溯源、源头管控、过程干预的新型治理逻辑。据此可构建覆盖事前预防、事中干预、事后问责的全链条规制体系:事前以强制性标识与可信溯源落实程序合规,事中以算法透明与动态熔断实现风险前置拦截,事后以推定应知、实质性参与规则压实平台责任。由此,为数字时代广告法律制度的迭代完善提供理论支撑与制度方案。

     

    Abstract: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has restructured the entire logic of the advertising industry. The hyper-realistic and highly concealed false advertisements it generates challenge the foundational presumptions of traditional regulation—namely "identifiable subjects, verifiable facts, controllable harms, and post-accountability." This disruption triggers systemic dilemmas, including broken attribution chains, failure in fact-finding, distorted review mechanisms, and blocked remedial channels. The solution lies in transitioning the regulatory paradigm from "individual behavior control" to "systemic risk governance." The core strategy involves reconstructing platform liability to transform platforms from passive intermediaries into "gradient gatekeepers, " establishing a new governance logic centered on risk tracing, source control, and process intervention. Accordingly, a comprehensive regulatory system covering ex-ante prevention, in-process intervention, and ex-post accountability is proposed. Ex-ante measures focus on mandatory labeling and trusted traceability to ensure procedural compliance; in-process measures employ algorithmic transparency and dynamic risk interception mechanisms for preemptive risk interception; ex-post measures utilize "presumption of knowledge" and "substantial participation" doctrines to solidify platform responsibility. Complemented by regulatory technology and multi-stakeholder collaboration, this study provides theoretical support and institutional solutions for updating digital-era advertising laws.

     

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