Abstract: The teaching staff is the foundation of school development and the soul of education development. China's Education Modernization 2035 plan identifies "building a highly professional teaching staff with innovative aspirations" as one of the ten strategic tasks of education modernization, and regards it as an important support for promoting education modernization and building a socialist education power. The construction of teaching staff is a dynamic developmental course whose trend requires sustained attention paid by the educational world. According to the survey on the work and life styles of teachers in primary and secondary schools in eight provinces of China, the construction of teaching staff has made significant achievements with specific performances including the growing scale, the remarkable success in ethics construction, the overall improvement of teaching ability, and the relatively high social reputation of the teaching staff. At the same time, the construction of teaching staff in China still faces severe challenges: the structure of teachers needs to be consolidated, the construction of teachers' morality needs to be strengthened, teachers' teaching ability needs to be improved, teachers' work intensity needs to be adjusted, teachers' security system needs to be improved, and teachers' social reputation needs to be improved. Based on the prevailing problems above, strategy suggestions on the construction of teaching staff in China are put forward in this paper: to improve the governance system of primary and secondary school teachers, to promote the legal construction of primary and secondary school teachers, to strengthen the interaction and integration of urban and rural primary and secondary school teachers, to build a team of "dream builders" with excellent moral characters, to enhance the professional identity of primary and secondary school teachers, and to establish a new integrated teacher education model of "Education-Government-University-Schools".