Abstract: Finding out the causes of relative poverty and the strategies for its mitigation is the focus of poverty alleviation after 2020. Firstly, the mechanism of the impact of diversified planting on rural relative poverty is analyzed on the theoretical level and the research hypothesis is put forward. Secondly, based on the survey data obtained with systematic sampling, the research hypothesis is further demonstrated with quantile regression. As the results show, diversified planting will lead to the loss of scale economy and, if scientific and reasonable operation is lacking, cannot effectively play the role of risk management, which will lead to the reduction of farmers' income. Its role in reducing the income of high-income farmers is greater than that in reducing the income of low-income farmers, so it can alleviate rural relative poverty to a certain extent but cannot serve as an effective poverty alleviation strategy. Further analysis shows that moderate-scale operation and diversification of risk management means can restrain the effect of diversified planting on income reduction. Therefore, in relative poverty governance, the development of moderate-scale operation should be promoted in rural areas; on the other hand, the rural financial market should be improved and the farmers' risk management means should be further diversified.