“大器小成”的杨维祯与元末文坛

Yang Weizhen's "Big Tools and Small Achievements" and the Literary World in the Late Yuan Dynasty

  • 摘要: 元末文坛的杨维祯及其引领的铁雅文人群影响巨大,令人瞩目。而明末胡应麟将杨维祯的文坛意义定格为“大器小成”,这一观点也被明清学界所接受。杨维祯才华横溢,“亶堪作者”,而且也努力推广自己的创作风格,致使“‘铁体’靡靡,久而未艾”。但就元代文坛总体发展情形而言,杨维祯及其倡导的铁崖体缺乏远大格局与规模诉求,在创作上多立足自我情性的抒发,“躭嗜瑰奇,沉沦绮藻”,不仅偏离了元代中叶由馆阁文人们一直努力而形成的清和雅正之风,也缺乏立足王朝和时代的独特性而体现出的“全盛典型”气质。某种程度而言,杨维祯及其引领的铁雅文人群体在东南地域的崛起,不仅是元代文坛裂变的重要标志,也是元代文学所具有的元朝特质逐渐褪去的重要表征。

     

    Abstract: At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Yang Weizhen and the Tieya literati group led by him had a great influence and attracted much attention in the literary world. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin defined Yang Weizhen's literary world as "big tools and small achievements", which was also accepted by the academic circles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yang Weizhen was a talented author and tried to promote his creative style, resulting in "Tieti" becoming popular for a long time. However, in terms of the overall development of the literary world in the Yuan Dynasty, Yang Weizhen and the Tieya style advocated by him lacked a far-sighted vision and grand appeal. In his creation, he mostly expressed himself based on his own feelings. "He is fond of marvellous art and falls into flowery language", which not only deviated from the style of Qinghe and Yazheng formed by the efforts of the scholars in the pavilion in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty but also lacked the typical style of a golden age based on the uniqueness of the Dynasty and the times. To some extent, the rise of Yang Weizhen and his Tieya literati group in the southeast was not only an important symbol of the fission of the literary world of the Yuan Dynasty but also an important symbol of the gradual fading of the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty in the literature of the Yuan Dynasty.

     

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