Abstract: After the founding of People's Republic of China, the Marxist cooperative system was introduced. Since then, from mutual aid groups, elementary and advanced agricultural cooperative groups to people's communes, cooperatives have become the tools of agricultural socialist transformation. Also, since the reform and opening up, farmers have voluntarily chosen the Western cooperative economic system. These two cooperative economic systems are intertwined, which have become an important feature of China's cooperative economic development over the past 40 years of reform and opening up. The future development of China's cooperative economic system lies in the integration of the two cooperative economic systems, and the combination of the advantages of the two systems will bring immeasurable impetus to the development of China's cooperative economy.