Abstract: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has changed the development trend of the international political and economic pattern, and has also become a catalyst for the reconstruction of the global industrial chain. Based on different perspectives and theoretical frameworks, scholars' analysis of the evolution of globalization after COVID-19 is mainly divided into optimism and pessimism. Based on the perspective of pure economics, the optimists emphasize that efficiency orientation is always the core element that governs corporate behavior from the micro level. Therefore, China will not be greatly impacted after COVID-19. On the contrary, based on the perspective of international political economics, the pessimists point out from a macro level that some countries pay more attention to the integrity and autonomous control of their own industrial chains without considering efficiency issues for the time being, which further aggravates the trend of anti-globalization. In the face of the drastic fluctuation of domestic and international economic situation, China proposes to build a new pattern of development in which the domestic and international circles promote each other, and the key is to build a modern industrial system that is "independent, controllable, safe and reliable". To upgrade the industrial chain, we need to attach importance to the government's ability to create and shape the market, so as to improve the industrial ecosystem and support the development of "new infrastructure".