“读者各以其情而自得”——论中国诗学的情本位对审美理解与阐释的规定性

Readers Gaining Satisfaction from Their Feelings of Poetry—Prescriptiveness of "Emotion Foremost" of Chinese Poetics on Aesthetic Understanding and Interpretation

  • 摘要: 明人杨慎的“匪惟作诗也,其解诗亦然”提示我们,不仅作诗要从情开始,以情为本,解诗也应该始于情,本于情;情的模糊性和易变性给诗文本构建了巨大的活性阐释空间,中国诗学大量关于“以情为本”的理论阐述表明,对情的理解主要不是依赖理性的逻辑认知,而是建基于个体的生命体验和人生感悟。体验的个人性和不可替代性决定了我们对情的审美直觉不可能完全重合,读者对情的理解必然伴随着个人生活经验的联想。清季学者卢文弨的著名文学解释学话语“诗无定形”和“诗无定解”正是基于读者之情与诗人之情的差异性而提出的。因此,将情置于文学解释学的论域,我们发现,“以情解诗”比“以意解诗”更能彰显中国诗学以“诗无达诂”为总纲的多元审美理解与阐释的取向。

     

    Abstract: "Versifying is the same as interpretation", a verse of Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty reminds us that versifying should start with and be based on emotion, so should the interpretation of poetry. The ambiguity and mutability of "emotion" provide large space for the flexible interpretation. The theory of "emotion foremost" existed in Chinese poetics indicates that the understanding of emotion is not based on logical cognition but on individual life experience and perception. The individuality and irreplaceability of experience determine that our aesthetic intuitions of "emotion" can not completely overlap, and readers' understanding of "emotion" must be accompanied by the association of personal life experience. The hermeneutics terms "Poetry is amorphous" and "Poetry has no fixed interpretation" were put forward by Lu Wenchao in the Qing Dynasty, based on the differences between readers' and poets' feelings. Therefore, by putting "emotion" into the field of literary hermeneutics, we find that "understanding poems with emotion" can better show the multi-aesthetic understanding and interpretation of the general principle—"poets have no universal or ultimate interpretation"—of Chinese poetics compared with "understanding poems with meaning".

     

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