Abstract: Air pollution has gradually become an important area of regional public affairs governance. In order to achieve more effective governance, China has made useful explorations in organizational building and established diversified organizational forms. Therefore, how to understand the type differences and selection logic of these organizations has become a theoretical problem of scientific evaluation and optimization. On the premise of the difference between air pollution control and collective action demand, the logical mechanism of rational choice for the formation of organizational diversity of collaborative air pollution control based on the limited rationality and resource constraints of the organization is put forward. The two-dimensional classification framework of ″function-cycle″ is constructed. At present, China′s air pollution collaborative governance organizations can be divided into four categories: integrated permanent category, permanent single category, single emergency category and emergency event category. Combined with the typical policy documents and legal basis, the policy orientation, structural characteristics and formation logic of different types of organizations are summarized from the aspects of organizational structure form, structural configuration and cooperative operation. The paths for further optimization of the functions and construction of different types of organizations are suggested.