Abstract: The Chinese government had already eliminated absolute poverty by the end of 2020 under the current standard, but the quality of poverty elimination differs greatly among the on-file poor households. From the perspective of relative poverty and with reference to the income standards of intermediate social groups, a sectional sampling of the official data of poor households in six state-level poverty-stricken counties in 2018 is conducted and nine specific indicators of the three dimensions of poverty elimination are analyzed as the factors in the quality. The quality of poverty elimination is closely related to the self-development ability of the poor households. The higher the proportion of minors, the lower the education level per capita and the less arable land per capita, the lower the quality of poverty alleviation. Efforts should be made in the future to strengthen the individual and social capacity and asset building of the target group for self-development.