《周易》的三种文学形态——中国轴心时代的文学精神转换

Three Literary Patterns of The Book of Change: The Transformation of Literary Spirits in Chinese Axial Age

  • 摘要: 传世《周易》由三个不同时代的文献构成,即殷商时代的《易经》古歌、“殷周之变”以后的西周《易经》筮辞和属于“周秦之变”的战国《易传》文本。这是中国轴心时代观念转换的体现。与此相应,《周易》展现了三种不同的文学形态,表现了三种不同时代的文学精神:《易经》古歌以诗歌的形式,表现了商朝末世社会各界悲苦的文学精神;《易经》筮辞以散文的形式,表现了西周初期宗族贵族忧患的文学精神;《易传》则以韵文和散文的形式,表现了战国时期知识精英恢宏的文学精神。

     

    Abstract: The Book of Change (周易) is composed of three documents of different times, namely, the Ancient Songs in the Classics of Change (易经) in the Shang Dynasty, the Divination Words in the Classics of Change in the Zhou Dynasty after the "Change from the Yin Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty", and the Commentaries of Change (易传) in the Warring States Period, which belongs to the "Change from the Zhou Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty". This is the embodiment of the conception transformation in Chinese Axial Age. Accordingly, The Book of Change shows three different literary patterns and represents three different literary spirits of different times. The Ancient Songs expresses the "sad" literary spirit of all walks of life in the late Shang Dynasty in the form of poetry. The Divination Words shows the literary spirit of the "apprehensive" of the clan aristocracy in the early Western Zhou Dynasty in the form of prose. The Commentaries of Change shows the "magnificent" literary spirit of the intellectual elite in the Warring States Period in the form of rhyming essay and prose.

     

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