Abstract: Although Rawls' principle of uniform allocation justice plays a significant role in the development of rural education, it is limited to the just distribution of material resources due to its limited theoretical vision. Although the material conditions for the development of rural education are significantly available, the level of development thinking, as opposed to material development, needs to be systematically reflected on, in terms of development model, philosophy, culture and talent support. If we want to truly realize the beautiful rural education, we need to introduce new justice theory and think about the ideal picture and realization path of the development of rural education from the perspective of differential justice, that is, we need to get rid of the unjust state of urban rural education such as "oppression", "exploitation", marginalization, powerlessness and cultural imperialism, look for the unique value of rural education, and "harmony but difference" between urban and rural areas. "Beauty and sharing" is the basic pursuit to realize the high-quality and balanced development of rural education.