Abstract: In the past two decades since 1997, the Chinese translation of American science fiction has been flourishing, with numerous translations and various genres. Based on the analysis of the translation activities in this period from the perspective of field, this paper finds that the rise of science fiction culture brings the capital competition of science fiction translation market, and professional science fiction publishing institutions win out due to their strong social capital and cultural capital, further squeezing the living space of the publishing institutions that follow the trend and lack characteristics. Due to the overall lack of stability of the translator team, grassroots translators gradually developed outside the academic school. With the increasing diversification of media, the translation and introduction of science fiction are also influenced by other media fields, especially the film and television fields with abundant capital. The dynamic motivation of translation comes from the convergence and collision of various forces in the fields of politics, culture and education.