Abstract: The rise of the digital economy has fundamentally changed the way governments, businesses and consumers interact with each other, and has brought new opportunities and challenges to policy makers and market regulators. This paper argues that national governance in the process of modernization is a dialectical unity of the governance of modernization and the modernization of governance. Modernization and national governance are closely interconnected and interdependent, and that the two are iterative and co-evolving in long-term interaction. The digital economy empowers the modernization of the system and capacity of national governance at two levels, namely, the innovation of governance methods and the optimization of governance mechanisms, but it also brings many new governance issues. The governance of modernization with the digital economy as its main feature should reconsider the relationship among efficiency, fairness and security and comprehensively promote the construction of Chinese modernization through the consolidation of the digital foundation for the development of modernization, the construction of a sound digital system for the governance of modernization, and the construction of a digital security system for the development of modernization.