周贤日. 论教师教育惩戒权[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, (4): 71-85.
引用本文: 周贤日. 论教师教育惩戒权[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, (4): 71-85.
ZHOU Xian-ri. On the Social Power of Teachers'Educational Punishment[J]. Journal of South China normal University (Social Science Edition), 2020, (4): 71-85.
Citation: ZHOU Xian-ri. On the Social Power of Teachers'Educational Punishment[J]. Journal of South China normal University (Social Science Edition), 2020, (4): 71-85.

论教师教育惩戒权

On the Social Power of Teachers'Educational Punishment

  • 摘要: 教师教育惩戒权是一项由教师代表学校对学生进行管理的职权。这项职权是社会法意义上的为了维护学校正常教育教学秩序和学生的整体利益及个体学生的身心健康发展,塑造学生的品行所必需的管理职责和职权。设定教师惩戒权的目的是为了儿童利益最佳化或者最大化。在此前提下要尊重教师出于合法教育目的而依法依规采取的惩戒措施;同时要克服教师惩戒权侵蚀家庭、父母亲权,必须注意教师惩戒权的根本目的是为了儿童养成为校内外认同的良好品行,教师教育惩戒各项措施要始终围绕这样的初心而展开。因此,在设定教师教育惩戒权的要件、具体方式和相关程序时,要从这一根本目的和原则出发,展开相关机制、规则和程序的设置。教师教育惩戒权融合了公法的基本标准和私法中教师代表学校对学生管理的自治规则,体现了公法与私法融合的典型特点。在否定对学生身体直接施加体罚和不符合教育正当目的之侮辱性语言的基本前提下,根据学生违法违纪行为的轻重程度,设置与学生身心特点适应且必要的惩戒措施。在具体惩戒措施方面,根据学生违纪违法行为与法律关系的紧密程度,设置三个档次的惩戒措施和不同的程序。对于法律关系度密切的较重的惩戒,规定严格的程序,保障惩戒的合法合理合情,以达到惩戒为促进学生养成优良品行之目的;对故意或者重大过失违法实施惩戒的教师,要从解除聘用关系直至追加相应的法律责任。

     

    Abstract: The social power of teachers'educational punishment is a kind of power that teachers use to manage students on be-half of schools.This social power,in the sense of social law,consists of the management responsibility and authority,which are neces-sary for teachers to maintain the normal school education and teaching order,the overall interests of students as well as the physical and mental health development of individual students,and shape students'character so that they are recognized on and off campus.The purpose of setting this social power is to optimize or maximize the interests of children.On this premise,the disciplinary measures taken by teachers according to law and regulations for the purpose of legitimate education should be respected.At the same time,the erosion of parents'rights by the power of punishments should be overcome.It must be noted that the fundamental purpose of the punishment power is for children to develop the good character of identity in and out of school.Teachers'educational disciplinary measures should always focus on such initial intention.Therefore,when setting the elements,specific ways and relevant procedures of teachers' social power of educational punishment,the establishment of relevant mechanisms,rules and procedures should proceed from this fundamen-tal purpose and principle.The social power of teachers'educational punishment integrates the basic standards of public law and the au-tonomous rules of teachers'management of students on behalf of schools in private law,which embodies the typical characteristics of the integration of public law and private law.On the basic premise of denying corporal punishment to students and insulting language that is not in line with the legitimate purpose of education,according to the degree of students'illegal and disciplinary behavior,set up appropriate and necessary disciplinary measures for students'physical and mental characteristics.In terms of disciplinary measures,according to the relationship between students'discipline violations and the law,set up three levels of disciplinary measures and differ-ent applications.For the discipline violations that are closely related to the law,strict procedures are stipulated to ensure the legality and reasonableness of punishment and to achieve the goal of promoting students to develop good conduct.Teachers who impose penalties illegally due to intentional misconduct or gross negligence shall be dismissed and take corresponding legal liabilities.

     

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