摘要:
全面抗战时期，关于法币的谣言层出不穷，不仅进一步加剧了通货膨胀和法币信用危机，而且频繁引发市场恐慌，对抗战经济体制带来了消极的影响。战时关于法币的谣言，内容主要涉及法币贬值、外汇平准以及发行流通券、大钞券、新币等。其长期肆虐的原因，就传播主体而言，日伪的“谣言攻势”、投机者的推波助澜和民众有关法币知识的落后是三大重要因素；就传播客体而言，与法币在战时的重要性和通货膨胀背景下的不确定性密切相关。国民政府认识到关于法币的谣言广泛传播的危害，采取了一些防控措施，力图辟谣止谣，但总体上属于被动性应付举动，成效欠佳。因法币贬值、物价上涨等问题没有真正得到解决，在无法逆转的通货膨胀趋势面前，谣言与事实之间界限不明、变动不居，民众倾向于信谣传谣，使法币的价值和信用逐步贬损，并一定程度上动摇了国民政府的统治基础。
关键词:
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抗日战争
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法币
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谣言
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通货膨胀
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国民政府
Abstract:
During the Total Anti-Japanese War, there were a lot of rumors of the legal tender, which not only aggravated the inflation and the credit crisis, but also frequently triggered the market panic, negatively influencing the economic system of the Anti-Japanese War. The rumors mainly included the devaluation of the legal tender, the stabilization of foreign exchange and the issuance of currency notes, large banknotes, new coins, etc. From the perspective of disseminating subjects, the reasons for the long-term spread of the rumors contains the rumor offensive of Japanese, the speculators' promotion and the backwardness of civil knowledge on the legal tender. As far as the disseminating objects were concerned, the spread of rumors was closely related to the importance of legal tender in wartime and the uncertainty under the background of inflation. The National Government had realized the harm of the rumors of legal tender and taken some prevention and control measures, which were passive actions without apparent success. Because of the devaluation of the legal tender and the rise of prices, the boundary between rumors and facts was unclear and changeable in the face of irreversible inflation, and people tended to believe the rumors, which gradually derogated the value and credit of the legal tender and shook the foundation of the National Government to a certain extent.
百度学术
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