别子为祖:论汉赋附《诗》的尊体建构

Taking Others as Ancestors : On the Standard Styles Construction of Han Fu with The Book of Songs

  • 摘要: 赋兴于《诗》,而后与之纠葛烦复,后代论家往往难扼其要。王芑孙借自宗法制度的“别子为祖”说最能揭示赋体附《诗》的动态过程。此说从主次亲疏上勾连了从《诗》到赋的演进中荀子、屈原、宋玉的作用和地位,指出了赋别《诗》为“祖”之后所具有的扩容特征,内涵了汉代赋家因追求文体尊严而攀附《诗》学的事实。汉人以赋附《诗》体现为《诗》赋源流的观念建构,以及赋体在功用性上类《诗》的“讽”“颂”要求,以此影响了两汉赋文本构结方式和风格的转变,呼应于《诗》语的取用特征。这一附经“尊体”而“变体”的历史进程,揭橥了文体发生学中“以卑附高”的普遍观念,昭示了新文体生发时的内在要求和发展路径,对此后其他新文体生成过程的理解有所裨益。

     

    Abstract: Fu flourished after The Book of Songs and became entangled with it. It is often difficult for later generations to grasp its essence. WANG Qisun's theory of "other sons as ancestors" from the patriarchal system can best reveal the dynamic process of Fu's attachment to The Book of Songs. This theory links the role and position of Xunzi, Quyuan and Songyu in the evolution from The Book of Songs to Fu from the primary and secondary intimacy, points out the expansion characteristics of Fu after it is different from The Book of Songs as the "ancestor", and implies the fact that Fu scholars in the Han Dynasty attached to the study of The Book of Songs because of the pursuit of style dignity. The concept construction of The Book of Songs and the origin of Fu embodied by the Han people with Fu attached to The Book of Songs, as well as the requirement of "irony" and "eulogy" of Fu style similar to The Book of Songs in terms of functionality, which affected the transformation of the structure and style of the text of Fu in the two Han Dynasty, and echoed the characteristics of the language of The Book of Songs. This historical process of "respecting style" and "variation" of the attached sutra reveals the general concept of "attaching high to inferiority" in stylistics, reveals the internal requirements and development path of the new style when it was born, and is beneficial to the understanding of the generation of the new style later.

     

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