Abstract: The prospects for China's leap from middle-income countries to high-income ones are bright and constrained by a variety of conditions. Two basic conditions are required for the per capita GNI of China to catch up with that of high-income countries. First, the average annual growth rate of China's GNI keeps being higher than that of high-income countries in a long period of time. Second, the total population is moderately reduced or at least maintained at its current size. In the future, we need to take the domestic people's pursuit of a better life as a guide to develop the economy and effectively change the way of resources utilization. We must vigorously develop science, education, culture and health, organize forces to develop key intelligent and ecological technologies, and strive to lead the world in basic cutting-edge research and development. Only when China becomes a technology and talent power will it eventually become a high-income country.