Abstract: In the new era, the key task of comprehensively deepening the reform of Chinese education should focus on building a modern educational governance system and improving the governance ability. There are three basic requirements for the modernization of educational governance: diversification of governance subjects, reconstruction and optimization of relations, and sharing the governance achievements with the broad masses of the people. Public participation in the evaluation of educational policy implementation is a fundamental measure to ensure the implementation of education policies and promote the high-quality development of education in the new era. The practice of public participation in the evaluation of educational policy implementation in China has been in a predicament for a long time. The main problems include the questioned rationality of public participation, the narrowed subjects of participation, the limited form of participation and the low efficiency of participation. It is necessary to carry out systematic and problem-oriented reform to improve the public participation from three aspects, namely, strengthening institutional guarantee, innovating the interaction mode of participants, and standardizing the network participation management by legislation.