虚词使用法观照下的曾巩古文特色——与欧阳修文风之比较

Investigation into the Characteristics of Zeng Gong's Ancient Chinese Prose from the Use of Function Words——Comparison with Ouyang Xiu's Literary Style

  • 摘要: 迄今为止,鲜有关于曾巩文章特色的研究,因此,有必要对曾巩文章的特色予以具体说明。曾巩的文章,常常被用“阴柔”一词形容。追本溯源,是清代的姚鼐曾将曾巩文章与欧阳修的文章并称,评价其为“阴柔”之故。由是,曾巩的文章特色与欧阳修的一定有着某种相似点。因此在考察曾巩文章特色时,其与欧阳修的文章特色的相似点就成了关键。曾巩与欧阳修文章特色的相似点,正是两人文章的虚词使用法。因为虚词与文意并没有直接的关系,所以在某种程度上可以说,从虚词的使用上能够看出作者的个性。由此,证明了曾巩文章的虚词使用与欧阳修的极为相似。也就是说,正因为曾巩与欧阳修的虚词使用法的相似,一直以来将两人的文章特色并称为“阴柔”。而曾巩的文章之所以同欧阳修的文章有相似点,是因为曾巩在年少时便开始熟读欧阳修的文章,几乎达到每篇都可以背诵的程度,不知不觉中将欧阳修的虚词使用法习于己身。

     

    Abstract: So far, there are few studies on the characteristics of Zeng Gong's articles. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to give specific explanations on the characteristics of Zeng Gong's articles. Zeng Gong's articles are often described as "feminine". Tracing back to its source, Yao Nai compared Zeng Gong's articles with Ouyang Xiu's articles and described them as "feminine" in the Qing dynasty. That is to say, there must be some similarities between Zeng Gong's and Ouyang Xiu's articles. Therefore, when examining the characteristics of Zeng Gong's articles, it is crucial to examine the similarities between Zeng Gong's and Ouyang Xiu's articles. This paper points out that the similarity between Zeng Gong's and Ouyang Xiu's articles is exactly the use of function words in their articles. Since function words are not directly related to context, it can be said that, to some extent, the author's personality can be seen from the use of function words. Through the investigation in this paper, it is proved that Zeng Gong's use of function words is very similar to that of Ouyang Xiu. That is to say, Zeng Gong's and Ouyang Xiu's use of function words are similar to each other, so both of their articles have been called "feminine". The reason why Zeng Gong's articles are similar to Ouyang Xiu's articles is that when he was young, Zeng Gong began to read Ouyang Xiu's articles so well that he could recite almost every one of them, thus Zeng Gong unconsciously learned Ouyang Xiu's use of function words and applied it to his creation.

     

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