摘要:
主流研究向来认为五四是启蒙理性运动。透过研究1923年爆发的科学与人生观论战，可知当年有唯情与理性的认识论辩证。梁启超、蔡元培领导的人生观派提出“唯情论”，大力批判科学理性主义，认为理性与情感不能偏废，而情感的启蒙才能解决人生问题——此即五四的反启蒙。“唯情论”目的在解决唯物、唯心二元论，认为“情”融合了心与物、人生与宇宙、主观与客观、精神与物质，理性只是“情”的一部分。人生观论述与美育运动合流，又与无政府主义者及“创造社”作家相互支援，在思想界、文学界与艺术界均引起深刻回响。人生观的概念来自倭伊铿1890年所使用的Lebensanschauung一词，1912年安倍能成翻译为人生观后, 由中国知识分子挪用，其主要关注点是人对自我、他人及宇宙的认识究竟是透过情感还是透过理性？人生观派呼应柏格森与倭伊铿的“人生哲学”，认为哲学应脱离纯理性的知识论，探讨生命力的特性——也就是“情”。“情”并非仅是情感或情绪，而是中国传统概念中源自《易经》的“情”，也是斯宾诺莎、尼采、柏格森、德勒兹等所关注的“情动力”(affect)。五四的反启蒙，值得我们深究。
Abstract:
According to mainstream studies, the May 4th Movement is an enlightenment rationality movement. By studying the Science and Philosophy of Life Debate that broke out in 1923, we can find out that there were epistemological dialectics between affect and reason in the debate. The Philosophy of Life School led by Liang Qichao and Cai Yuanpei proposed the theory of philosophia sentimentalis, strongly criticizing scientific rationalism. It maintained that reason and affect were both important, and that affective enlightenment was the key to the problems of life. This was Counter-Enlightenment. The theory of philosophia sentimentalis, intending to break the materialistic-idealistic dichotomy, maintained that affect connected mind and body, life and the universe, subjectivity and objectivity, spirit and matter, while reason was only part of affect. Philosophy of life not only combined with the Aesthetic Education Movement, it also got support from anarchists and Creation Writers while gave support to them, obtaining considerable responses from the intellectual, literary and art circles. The concept of philosophy of life originated from the German word "Lebensanschauung" concocted by Rudolf Eucken in 1890, which was translated into Jinseikan, a kanji neologism invented by Abe Yoshishige in 1912, and then was directly adopted by Chinese intellectuals. Its main focus can be presented as a question: is humans' knowledge about selves, others and the universe derived from affect or reason? Following Henri Bergson and Eucken, the Chinese Philosophy of Life School thought that instead of pursuing pure reason, philosophy should explore the property of life force, which is affect. Affect is not simply feeling or emotion, but the traditional Chinese concept of "qing" that originates from The Book of Changes, and also the affect maintained by Spinoza, Nietzsche, Bergson and Deleuze. The May 4th Counter-Enlightenment is worthy of our deep research.
百度学术
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