Abstract: In the context of the continuous adjustment of China's birth policy, this paper uses CGSS inter-temporal data to comprehensively explore the impact of the number of children on the gender wage gap in China's labor market. The results show that: overall, the increase in the number of children will lead to women's wages fell by 7.4%, but the effect on men's wages was not significant. From the perspective of time span, the number of children has no significant effect on men's gender wage income. Even in some years, the number of children has no significant positive effect on men's wage income, but leads to the decrease of women's wage income by 6.5% to 25.1%.This differentiated effect will undoubtedly lead to the increase of gender wage income difference; from the perspective of region, the influence of the number of children on the gender wage of men is not significant in the three regions, but the number of children significantly reduces the wage income of women in the eastern and central regions, which reflects the different influence of the degree of marketization on the gender wage difference. Quantile regression results show that at each quantile point, the number of children has a significantly higher reduction effect on women's income than that of men, and the increase in the number of children has a higher impact on the income of low-income women than that of high-income women. Discrimination is still the main cause of the gender wage gap. To support women of childbearing age and eliminate gender discrimination in the market is the key to narrow the gender wage gap and increase the fertility rate.