被害人过错情节司法适用的现状考察与改革路径——基于裁判文书大数据的实证分析

The Status Quo and Settlement of the Judicial Applicability of the Victim's Fault: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Big Data of Judgement

  • 摘要: “被害人过错”作为酌定量刑情节,在司法适用中法官对其享有极大的自由裁量权。实证研究发现,我国法官为了避免裁判风险,通过各种方式公开被害人过错情节司法适用标准, 并对其作出较为严格保守的解读,却因不具有可操作性需要在司法实践中进行调整,最终造成被害人过错情节司法适用实际情况与所宣称的标准存在较大差距,呈现出保守与冒进并存的司法样态。破除这一现实困境的可行路径在于,基于大量司法实践总结经验,先通过指导案例或指导意见在司法实践中修正该情节的适用标准,再通过司法倒逼立法,最终实现被害人过错情节适用标准的法定化。

     

    Abstract: The victim's fault is of significant importance when evaluating a punishment suitable for the criminal. The application of the victim's fault in judicial practice is analyzed on the basis of 1413 criminal judgments concerning the victim's fault from 2013 to 2017. Statistical tools are used to make a regression analysis of the above data. The results show that the judges of our country exercise great discretion in the application of the victim's fault to avoid the risk of misjudgment. But there is a wide gap between the ideal practice and the actual practice in applying the victim's fault, and conservativeness and radicalness coexist. The key to breaking the real dilemma is revising and clarifying the standard for the applicability of the victim's fault by drawing on the past judicial experience.

     

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