Abstract: With poverty governance entering a strategic transitive stage for building an effective connection between the consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization, the energy for poverty governance is to be obtained from an internal source and realizing the goal of poverty governance will rely more on the internal impetus of the poverty-alleviated people. External constraint is the main cause of poor people's lacking internal impetus at the psychological level, and the psychological lack of internal impetus will lead to the lack of internal impetus at the behavioral level, which will further aggravate its psychological lack. The internal impetus of the poverty-stricken population in Western China features a poverty culture formed under the constraint of the external environment, which gives rise to a series of characteristics of irrational psychology and behavior of the people. Under the negative influence of external constraints, poverty culture and irrational behavior, the human capital accumulation of the poor families has become stagnant and their internal impetus for development remains extremely low. The governance of internal impetus of poverty-stricken population in Western China should be carried out at three aspects: poverty culture, irrational behavior decision and endogenous development ability. On this basis and in combination with the characteristics of internal impetus of the poverty-stricken population in Western China, it is necessary to further consolidate and expand the internal impetus by establishing and improving the support system and reinforcing the weak links of public services.