Abstract: The fourth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee clearly stated that the national governance system and governance capabilities must be modernized. As the society enters the 5.0 era, various social risks have also increased and new characteristics have emerged, and the threats they pose are also greater, confronting social risk governance with unprecedented challenges. As a product of an emerging technological revolution, big data has a wealth of governance resources and brand-new governance concepts that are unmatched by traditional governance mechanisms. It provides technical support for the realization of the modernization of the national governance system in the new era. To promote the innovation of social risk governance in the era of big data, we should establish big data thinking and transform the thinking paradigm of risk governance, strengthen top-level design and make overall planning for social risk governance, and strengthen resource integration to achieve pluralistic collaborative risk management.