汪三贵, 刘明月. 从绝对贫困到相对贫困:理论关系、战略转变与政策重点[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, (6): 18-29.
引用本文: 汪三贵, 刘明月. 从绝对贫困到相对贫困:理论关系、战略转变与政策重点[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, (6): 18-29.
WANG San-gui, LIU Ming-yue. From Absolute Poverty to Relative Poverty: Theoretical Relationships, Strategic Shifts and Policy Priorities[J]. Journal of South China normal University (Social Science Edition), 2020, (6): 18-29.
Citation: WANG San-gui, LIU Ming-yue. From Absolute Poverty to Relative Poverty: Theoretical Relationships, Strategic Shifts and Policy Priorities[J]. Journal of South China normal University (Social Science Edition), 2020, (6): 18-29.

从绝对贫困到相对贫困:理论关系、战略转变与政策重点

From Absolute Poverty to Relative Poverty: Theoretical Relationships, Strategic Shifts and Policy Priorities

  • 摘要: 2020年中国将历史性地消除绝对贫困问题,但并不意味着减贫事业的终结,相对贫困问题还会长期存在,并将成为未来减贫的重要内容。绝对贫困与相对贫困是反映贫困程度的一组概念,两者相互联系、相互共存,但也存在明显的差异:绝对贫困侧重生存所需,具有绝对性和客观性;相对贫困侧重机会缺失、权利剥夺,具有相对性、主观性、长期性和动态性。中国消除绝对贫困的战略经历“保生存—保生存与促发展—解决温饱—巩固温饱—全面小康”五个阶段。相对贫困状况日趋明显,未来贫困治理需要确定合适的相对贫困标准、实施针对低收入群体差异化的扶持政策、建立城乡一体化的扶贫体制、关注欠发达地区的区域发展,以缓解农村地区、城乡、区域之间的相对贫困状况。

     

    Abstract: China will eliminate absolute poverty historically in 2020, but this does not mean the end of poverty reduction. Relative poverty will continue to exist for a long time and will become an important part of poverty alleviation in the future. Absolute poverty and relative poverty are a couple of concepts reflecting the degree of poverty. They are interrelated and coexist, but there are also obvious differences between them. Absolute poverty focuses on survival needs and has the characteristics of absoluteness and objectivity, while relative poverty focuses on lack of opportunities and deprivation of rights, and has the characteristics of relativity, subjectivity, chronicity, and dynamics. China's strategy for eradicating absolute poverty has experienced five stages: ensuring survival, ensuring survival and promoting development, ensuring adequate food and clothing, consolidating adequate food and clothing, building a prosperous society in all respects. However, relative poverty is becoming more obvious. In the future, poverty governance needs to formulate appropriate relative poverty standards, implement differentiated support policies for low-income groups, establish an integrated system of poverty alleviation for urban and rural areas, and pay attention to the regional development of underdeveloped areas, so as to alleviate the relative poverty in rural areas, urban areas, and different regions.

     

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